"' Atropisomers "'are stereoisomers arising because of hindered rotation about a conformers.
2.
Determining the axial stereochemistry of biaryl atropisomers can be accomplished through the use of a Newman projection along the axis of hindered rotation.
3.
Heteroaromatic analogues of the biphenyl compounds also exist, where hindered rotation occurs about a carbon-nitrogen or a nitrogen-nitrogen bond.
4.
The existence of specific conformations is due to hindered rotation around sigma bonds, although a role for hyperconjugation is proposed by a competing theory.
5.
In 1940 he received from the University of Michigan his PhD under David M . Dennison with thesis " Hindered rotation in methyl-alcohol ".
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